Measurements of dichroic bow-tie antenna arrays with integrated cold-electron bolometers using YBCO oscillators

• Leonid S. Revin,
• Dmitry A. Pimanov,
• Alexander V. Chiginev,
• Anton V. Blagodatkin,
• Viktor O. Zbrozhek,
• Andrey V. Samartsev,
• Anastasia N. Orlova,
• Dmitry V. Masterov,
• Alexey E. Parafin,
• Victoria Yu. Safonova,
• Anna V. Gordeeva,
• Andrey L. Pankratov,
• Leonid S. Kuzmin,
• Anatolie S. Sidorenko,
• Silvia Masi and
• Paolo de Bernardis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 26–36, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.3

• malfunction. Typical closed-cycle sorption 3He cryostats, suitable for space and balloon-borne experiments, are limited by their working temperature to about 300 mK. For example, the LSPE-SWIPE custom-designed 3He cryostat cools the two focal planes down to 0.3 K. The ground-based BICEP Array cryostat with a

A bifunctional superconducting cell as flux qubit and neuron

• Dmitrii S. Pashin,
• Pavel V. Pikunov,
• Marina V. Bastrakova,
• Andrey E. Schegolev,
• Nikolay V. Klenov and
• Igor I. Soloviev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1116–1126, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.92

• dependence is shown in Figure 3b). During these time intervals, the condition in Equation 18 may be violated, leading to transitions to higher energy levels. Therefore, an analysis of the parameter behaviour as a function of the working temperature is required to find operating modes where the probability of

Fragmentation of metal(II) bis(acetylacetonate) complexes induced by slow electrons

• Janina Kopyra and
• Hassan Abdoul-Carime

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 980–987, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.81

• constant. Taking into account the sublimation enthalpy, ΔHsub, for MnL2 and CoL2 (i.e., 139.3 and 130.1 kJ/mol, respectively [24]), and the working temperature (i.e., 390 and 420 K, respectively), we estimate the value of PCoL2/PMnL2 to be about 38, assuming C to be constant. This ratio of pressures, also

Current-induced mechanical torque in chiral molecular rotors

• Richard Korytár and
• Ferdinand Evers

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 711–721, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.57

• of freedom, assuming that the quantization levels of the rotational motion fall below the working temperature. Rotation only happens via inelastic electron tunneling. Importantly, each single electron scattering event must obey fundamental conservation laws. Therefore, the principles outlined in this

Numerical modeling of a multi-frequency receiving system based on an array of dipole antennas for LSPE-SWIPE

• Alexander V. Chiginev,
• Anton V. Blagodatkin,
• Dmitrii A. Pimanov,
• Ekaterina A. Matrozova,
• Anna V. Gordeeva,
• Andrey L. Pankratov and
• Leonid S. Kuzmin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 865–872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.77

• the working temperature of the 3He cryostat used for the LSPE project. One of main candidates for LSPE-SWIPE is a transition-edge sensor (TES) with a spiderweb antenna [2][3]. For the OLIMPO mission, kinetic inductance detectors (KIDs) were used [4]. We propose to use cold-electron bolometers (CEBs

Morphology-driven gas sensing by fabricated fractals: A review

• Vishal Kamathe and
• Rupali Nagar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1187–1208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.88

• ), pure pine dendritic BiVO4 (Figure 20c), and the BiVO4/rGO hybrid structure (Figure 20d). The hybrid material was used for the detection of triethylamine (TEA) gas. A detection of 10 ppm TEA with the highest response (5.91) was achieved with the hybrid composition of BiVO4 and rGO at 180 °C working

• temperature, in comparison to pure BiVO4 (1.2) and other compositions of BiVO4 and rGO at different temperatures (80–200 °C). The outstanding enhancement in the response of the hybrid material with quick response and recovery times was attributed to the formation of p–n heterojunctions between rGO nanosheets

Nickel nanoparticle-decorated reduced graphene oxide/WO₃ nanocomposite – a promising candidate for gas sensing

• Ilka Simon,
• Alexandr Savitsky,
• Rolf Mülhaupt,
• Vladimir Pankov and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 343–353, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.28

• the sensitivity, response time and working temperature of MOS/rGO systems [15][41]. TiO2/rGO decorated with Pd and Pt nanoparticles was successfully used in the gas sensing of hydrogen gas [19]. The decoration of WO3/rGO nanosheets with Pt nanoparticles yielded a faster response for acetone at 200 °C

• [42]. With the addition of Ag nanoparticles to a dispersion of SnO2/rGO, the working temperature was dropped from 55 °C to room temperature in the gas sensing of NO2 [43]. (For further examples and comparison with other gas sensors see Table S1 in Supporting Information File 1.) The ternary Ni@rGO/WO3

Cryogenic low-noise amplifiers for measurements with superconducting detectors

• Ilya L. Novikov,
• Boris I. Ivanov,
• Dmitri V. Ponomarev and
• Aleksey G. Vostretsov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1316–1320, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.115

• mobility transistor (HEMT) technology and SiGe bipolar heterojunction technology (HBT). Low-frequency amplifiers are usually applied as first stage of SQUID readout electronics [11][12] or as the readout of cryogenic bolometers [13]. In both cases the amplifiers have a working temperature of 300 K. Modern

• termination. Unfortunately, modern cryostats for low-temperature experiments do not have a cooling temperature stage corresponding to 77 K. Hence, the designed amplifiers are most applicable for the working temperature of liquid nitrogen, which is the main working temperature for high-temperature

Gas-sensing features of nanostructured tellurium thin films

• Dumitru Tsiulyanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1010–1018, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.85

• kinetics. In addition, the sensitivity to 1 ppm of NO2 increases by 15%/ppm. It is worth noting that such remarkable improvement in gas sensing parameters is achieved without heating, since the working temperature is kept at 22 °C (room temperature). The reason for such behavior seems to be due to the

Microwave photon detection by an Al Josephson junction

• Leonid S. Revin,
• Andrey L. Pankratov,
• Anna V. Gordeeva,
• Anton A. Yablokov,
• Igor V. Rakut,
• Victor O. Zbrozhek and
• Leonid S. Kuzmin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 960–965, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.80

• barrier of a potential profile can be approximated by parabolas, then f(α) does not depend on the working temperature [36]. However, for α ≈ 1, the exact prefactor f(α) is unknown [33], therefore we use f(α) as a fit parameter. Inserting a temperature of 300 mK into γ for our experimental parameters, one

Selective gas detection using Mn₃O₄/WO₃ composites as a sensing layer

• Yongjiao Sun,
• Zhichao Yu,
• Wenda Wang,
• Pengwei Li,
• Gang Li,
• Wendong Zhang,
• Lin Chen,
• Serge Zhuivkov and
• Jie Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1423–1433, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.140

• door for potential applications in gas recognition and detection. Keywords: Mn3O4/WO3 composites; heterojunctions; working temperature; gas sensing; selectivity; Introduction Tungsten oxide (WO3) is a highly stable, classical transition metal oxide. When synthesized, WO3 usually presents a yellowish

• . Gas sensing through resistance change caused by the oxidation of combustible gases on the surface is one of the major applications of WO3. However, the response mechanism of WO3 makes selective gas detection difficult. For WO3-based gas sensors, the working temperature is a key factor that can

• significantly impact its response. The gas adsorption and desorption kinetics and the chemical activation of WO3 are closely related to the working temperature [6]. The optimal working temperature for various gases is different due to the redox reaction energy required. This therefore provides the possibility

Synthesis of MnO₂–CuO–Fe₂O₃/CNTs catalysts: low-temperature SCR activity and formation mechanism

• Yanbing Zhang,
• Lihua Liu,
• Yingzan Chen,
• Xianglong Cheng,
• Chengjian Song,
• Mingjie Ding and
• Haipeng Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 848–855, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.85

• structure and outstanding chemical and physical properties. Hence, they are extensively studied for the application in SCR, e.g., in MnOx/CNTs [10], Mn–CeOx/CNTs [11] and CuOx/carbonaceous-materials catalysts [12]. However, the working temperature window of these SCR catalysts is still between 200 and 300

Interaction of Te and Se interlayers with Ag or Au nanofilms in sandwich structures

• Arkadiusz Ciesielski,
• Lukasz Skowronski,
• Marek Trzcinski,
• Ewa Górecka,
• Wojciech Pacuski and
• Tomasz Szoplik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 238–246, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.22

• Knudsen cell was kept at working temperature [39]. SiO2, Ag and Au, LiF layers were deposited from fabmate or tungsten crucibles using a PVD75 Lesker e-beam evaporator. The purity of the evaporation materials was 4N for both silver and gold, 5N for SiO2 and TIO2, 3N for LiF. SiO2 was evaporated at an

Graphene-enhanced metal oxide gas sensors at room temperature: a review

• Dongjin Sun,
• Yifan Luo,
• Marc Debliquy and
• Chao Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2832–2844, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.264

• increases the resistance of the sensor. The sensing performances of MOS sensors are heavily affected by the working temperature, because the working temperature influences the kinetics, conductivity and electron mobility of MOS [30][31]. Since sufficient thermal energy is required to overcome the potential

• clear that the working temperature of graphene/metal-oxide sensors is lower than that of MOS sensors. In some cases, graphene/metal-oxide sensors were even operated at room temperature. There are many kinds of toxic gases from industrial processes and car emissions around us, such as NO2, NH3, CO and

A review of carbon-based and non-carbon-based catalyst supports for the selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide

• Shahreen Binti Izwan Anthonysamy,
• Syahidah Binti Afandi,
• Mehrnoush Khavarian and
• Abdul Rahman Bin Mohamed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 740–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.68

• modification of the porous structure and surface chemistry, carbon-based materials also portray other distinct advantages [64]: (i) easier reduction of metals on the support; (ii) resistance towards acids and bases resulting in best carbon structure; (iii) firm at high working temperature (>750 °C) due to

Sensing behavior of flower-shaped MoS₂ nanoflakes: case study with methanol and xylene

• Maryam Barzegar,
• Masoud Berahman and
• Azam Iraji zad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 608–615, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.57

• clearly illustrates the reversible behavior of about 120 s and 370 s as the response and recovery times for 200 ppm, respectively. When the working temperature was increased, the sensitivity was improved from 25 to 55 for 200 °C and the response time decreased from about 800 s to 120 s (Figure 4b). In

• the aqueous hydrothermal method. Typical response of MoS2 nanoflakes toward methanol for: (a) different concentrations at 200 °C working temperature, (b) for 200 ppm at different working temperatures. Typical response of MoS2 nanoflakes toward xylene for: (a) different concentrations at 200 °C working

• temperature, (b) for 400 ppm at different working temperatures. (a) Calibration curves of flower-shaped MoS2 nanoflakes towards xylene and methanol at 200 °C; (b) the sensitivity of the samples towards 400 ppm of CO, CH4, H2, xylene, and methanol at different working temperatures. The optimized structure of

Gas-sensing behaviour of ZnO/diamond nanostructures

• Marina Davydova,
• Alexandr Laposa,
• Jiri Smarhak,
• Alexander Kromka,
• Neda Neykova,
• Josef Nahlik,
• Jiri Kroutil,
• Jan Drahokoupil and
• Jan Voves

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 22–29, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.4

• amount of adsorbed oxygen on the sensor surface, and ii) relatively low working temperature of 150 °C. For the purpose of understanding the decrease or increase in resistivity of our sensor devices, the gas sensing mechanism has to be discussed. After exposing the sensors to oxidizing gas (i.e., NO2

Metal oxide nanostructures: preparation, characterization and functional applications as chemical sensors

• Dario Zappa,
• Angela Bertuna,
• Elisabetta Comini,
• Navpreet Kaur,
• Nicola Poli,
• Veronica Sberveglieri and
• Giorgio Sberveglieri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1205–1217, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.122

• preparation of niobium oxide nanostructures using a hydrothermal technique, during the first experiments we had adhesion problems of the metal layer to the substrates. We changed the thickness of the film, working temperature, KOH molarity and time in order to find out the best conditions to synthetize

• ]. In the present manuscript, we report the sensing performance of five different nanostructured metal oxides, synthetized directly on the transducers used to fabricate the final device. A temperature screening was performed in order to identify the optimal working temperature of each material in the

• detection of the two target chemical compounds. Results are reported in Figure 10. As expected, each material behaves differently, and the working temperature has a strong effect on the response. Although some materials are more suited than others to detect CO or NO2, it is important to mention that all

Gas sensing properties of MWCNT layers electrochemically decorated with Au and Pd nanoparticles

• Elena Dilonardo,
• Michele Penza,
• Marco Alvisi,
• Riccardo Rossi,
• Gennaro Cassano,
• Cinzia Di Franco,
• Francesco Palmisano,
• Luisa Torsi and
• Nicola Cioffi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 592–603, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.64

• covers MWCNT sidewalls as shown in Figure 4E. In the following section, the effect of the nature and loading of the deposited catalytic metal NPs on the gas sensing properties of MWCNTs is discussed. Gas sensing properties The effect of the working temperature in the range 45–200 °C on NO2 detection is

Nanocrystalline ZrO₂ and Pt-doped ZrO₂ catalysts for low-temperature CO oxidation

• Amit Singhania and
• Shipra Mital Gupta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 264–271, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.29

• doped into ZrO2 and yielded excellent CO oxidation. The working temperature was lowered by 150 °C in comparison to pure ZrO2. Further, it is highly stable for the CO reaction (time-on-stream ≈ 40 h). This is because of a synergic effect between Pt and Zr components, which results in an increase of the

Nanostructured SnO₂–ZnO composite gas sensors for selective detection of carbon monoxide

• Paul Chesler,
• Cristian Hornoiu,
• Susana Mihaiu,
• Cristina Vladut,
• Jose Maria Calderon Moreno,
• Mihai Anastasescu,
• Carmen Moldovan,
• Bogdan Firtat,
• Costin Brasoveanu,
• George Muscalu,
• Ion Stan and
• Mariuca Gartner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2045–2056, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.195

• platform (which is also the sample holder), necessary to reach the working temperature of the sensor (from room temperature to 300 °C, see Figure 6). In the sensing chamber a thermocouple was inserted to give a precise measurement of the working temperature in the atmosphere in which the gas sensor is

• observed. A value of RS = 7 is obtained for 600 ppm of CO, at a working temperature of 210 °C. This value is higher than the response of the individual components and also higher than all of the other composites. A temperature dependence study is shown in Figure 11 for the S2 sensor. From Figure 11 it can

• be clearly observed that the optimum working temperature for the S2 sensor is 210 °C, and the sensor response at other working temperatures is lower. The second best sensor in terms of CO response is pristine SnO2 (S5), but later in this paper, it will be shown that its selectivity towards CO is low

Nanostructured TiO₂-based gas sensors with enhanced sensitivity to reducing gases

• Wojciech Maziarz,
• Anna Kusior and
• Anita Trenczek-Zajac

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1718–1726, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.164

• on the hierarchical TiO2 nanostructure. The response is not only dependent on the type of gas and its concentration but also on the sensor working temperature. The comparison of sensitivity vs working temperature for T30, NS0 and NS1 samples for all investigated gases is shown in Figure 7. For the

A composite structure based on reduced graphene oxide and metal oxide nanomaterials for chemical sensors

• Vardan Galstyan,
• Elisabetta Comini,
• Iskandar Kholmanov,
• Andrea Ponzoni,
• Veronica Sberveglieri,
• Nicola Poli,
• Guido Faglia and
• Giorgio Sberveglieri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1421–1427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.133

• energy. Figure 7 reports the calibration curves of the RGO–ZnO and pristine ZnO nanostructures for measuring acetone at a working temperature of 250 °C. The response for both structures shows good linearity with the concentration of acetone. The response of the hybrid structure towards all examined

• ethanol at a working temperature of 250 °C and in humid air (relative humidity RH = 50% @ 20 °C). Calibration curve for acetone at an operating temperature of 250 °C and in a humid air background (RH = 50% @ 20 °C). The results of the compositional analysis of as-prepared and annealed samples (at 100 and

Preparation of alginate–chitosan–cyclodextrin micro- and nanoparticles loaded with anti-tuberculosis compounds

• Albert Ivancic,
• Fliur Macaev,
• Fatma Aksakal,
• Veaceslav Boldescu,
• Serghei Pogrebnoi and
• Gheorghe Duca

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1208–1218, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.112

• kneading, the molar ratio of the components was 1:1, and the working temperature was 20 ± 2 °C. In an agate mortar appropriate amounts of β-cyclodextrin and ISN, previously weighed on the electronic analytical balance model BEL M503i, were added. To the mixture, a sufficient amount of distilled water to

Bacteriorhodopsin–ZnO hybrid as a potential sensing element for low-temperature detection of ethanol vapour

• Saurav Kumar,
• Sudeshna Bagchi,
• Senthil Prasad,
• Anupma Sharma,
• Ritesh Kumar,
• Rishemjit Kaur,
• Jagvir Singh and
• Amol P. Bhondekar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 501–510, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.44

• inorganic materials in order to overcome the intrinsic limitations of ZnO (i.e., poor selectivity and high working temperature) [31][32][33]. Metal/metal oxide–bR hybrids were previously reported for bio-optoelectronic and solar cell applications [7][20]. However, a hybrid structure employing ZnO and bR